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The Secret History Of Mortgage

There is a version of the housing market story that gets told over and over, and it goes like this: prices are high, rates are high, nothing is affordable, and the only people buying are the ones with cash. That version is not wrong, exactly. It is just incomplete.

Home prices at the national level have stayed stubbornly high even as financing costs doubled in under two years. The reason is supply. Homeowners who locked in three percent mortgages in 2020 and 2021 have almost no incentive to sell, which means the correction that many analysts were expecting simply did not materialize the way the data suggested it should.

Affordability, by the standard measure of what share of median household income goes toward the monthly payment on a median-priced home, is near its worst level since the early 1980s. That is a real problem, and it is not going away quickly. But affordability being stretched does not mean prices are about to fall sharply. What it means, practically, is that fewer people can compete for each property.

Shop more than one institution, because the spread in rates and costs is real. A seemingly small rate difference adds up to tens of thousands of dollars over the life of most home loans. Lender fees vary too. Do not compare rate quotes without also comparing origination fees, points, and closing costs.

The appraisal is the lender’s check, not yours. A low appraisal means the buyer has to make up the gap in cash, renegotiate, or cancel. Ask your agent how common appraisal gaps have been in your target price range and neighborhood.

Budget two to four percent of the purchase price for closing costs, on top of your down payment. First-time buyers are sometimes surprised by how much cash is required beyond the down payment itself. Ask your lender for a Loan Estimate with a realistic purchase price so the numbers reflect what you are actually going to face.

Real estate is illiquid. Transaction costs, agent commissions, and closing fees mean you typically need three to five years just to break even on a purchase. None of that means do not buy. It means be honest about your time horizon before you commit.

Buyers who take the time to prepare before they start looking tend to find that there are still good properties available at realistic prices. Spending twenty minutes with current homes for sale and market analytics is a better use of your time than waiting for conditions that may never arrive.